The latest incarnation of my book on mythology is provisionally entitled The Power of Greek Heroes,
and its premise is that the ancient Greeks loved their
heroes-- extraordinary, outstanding characters in extraordinary, outstanding
circumstances-- because the heroes emphasized the supreme desirability
of ordinary life.
In other words, if you're a Greek hero, you have a bumper sticker on your car that says, "I'd rather be at Sunday dinner." And the crowd goes wild.
Traditionally, we teach our children that heroes have exciting lives
that children should want to emulate. In the paper just the other day I
read a story
about a 4-year old child who responded to home invaders by dressing in
his Power Rangers suit and waving a plastic sword at them. "I made the
bad guys go away," he is quoted as saying.
It's nice to be able to be a hero, then get tucked into bed and have Mom read a story to you.
Ancient Greek heroes seldom if ever had that luxury. They stood
outside, in physical, mental and psychic neverlands, unable to rest in
a secure and predictable place.
Hector, the second-greatest hero in the Trojan War, seems to defy
the odds, however. As a Trojan, he is within the circle of community as he
defends his city from behind Troy's famous "massive ramparts." He is a
member of the most important family in the city, the crown prince and
son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba; he has a wife, Andromache, and an
infant son, Astyanax (which means "Lord of the City"). His brother is
Paris, who started the whole mess of the war by stealing Helen from
Menelaus. When Hector comes home from a hard day's work, he is greeted
just as is every working stiff who ever punched a clock:
"How was your day, honey?"
Except Hector punches Greeks.
There comes a point in Hector's life, however, when he realizes he
has to choose between being a hero and being a family man-- that there
is no way, in fact, to do both. It is near the end of the Iliad,
after Hector has killed Achilles' best friend, Patroclus, and taken Achilles' armor (which Patroclus was wearing). It is also after
Achilles, mad with lust for revenge, has cut a swath through dozens of
men to get at Hector himself.
Hector knows that Achilles is better than him, and will kill him.
It's not because Achilles is only vulnerable in his heel. In the Iliad, Achilles is the best of the best. There's no upset victory to be hoped for.
Hector also knows that if he runs from Achilles, he will be shamed,
his reputation will be tarnished, and his status as best of the Trojans
will be in jeopardy.
Hector wants to go back to his family and be safe, and he also wants
to have a fine reputation, which leads to a kind of immortality-- if
people alk about you after you die, that is living on in this world.
So, the hero's decision is...
No decision.
Instead of standing and facing Achilles, or going inside the walls,
Hector chooses to run from Achilles along the outside perimeter of
Troy's fortifications. He runs, and Achilles runs behind him. Hector,
who cannot choose between inside and outside, inscribes the border
between inside and outside. He is, almost literally, on the fence.
Here is one of the sights they see along the way:
They came to the wellsprings of eddying
Scamander, two beautiful pools, one
Boiling hot with steam rising up,
The other flowing cold even in summer,
Cold as freezing sleet, cold as tundra snow.
There were broad basins there, lined with stone,
Where the Trojan women used to wash their silky clothes
In the days of peace, before the Greeks came.
They ran by these springs, pursuer and pursued--
A great man out front, a far greater behind...
(Lombardohhhh...)
What a perfect image of two opposites, nature and culture, melding-- the natural hot and cold water taps of the Scamander, conveniently placed, perfect for doing laundry, the fantasy of every person in the ancient world who ever lugged water or boiled it over a minutely-tended fire. It is as if Homer is saying, "Yes, sometimes you can have it both ways. But not this time, Hector."
Completing his third circuit of the walls, Hector believes he has found a way out when he sees his brother Deiphobus at the gate, come to help him:
"Deiphobus, you've always been my favorite
Brother, and again you've shown me why,
Having the courage to come come out for me,
Leaving the safety of the wall, while all
Priam's other sons are cowering inside."
Here is another opportunity for Hector to meld his warrior ambitions with family life: instead of facing Achilles alone (as Achilles faces him), he unites with a member of his family.
Except that Deiphobus is not Deiphobus, but Athena in disguise. Athena is the goddess, among other things, of supporting decisive warriors. And also the goddess of tricking indecisive warriors.
When Hector's first spear misses, he asks "Deiphobus" for another. Athena has since disappeared. Hector realizes the trick, and after Achilles mortally wounds him, he shows his dedication to his community:
"I beg you, Achilles, by your own soul
And by your parents, do not
Allow the dogs to mutilate my body
By the Greek ships. Accept the gold and bronze
Ransom my father and mother will give you
And send my body back home to be burned
In honor by the Trojans and their wives."
Achilles, pure warrior (and not family man) that he is, refuses:
Don't whine to me about my parents,
You dog! I wish my stomach would let me
Cut off your flesh in strips and eat it raw
For what you've done to me...
Yet Achilles will finally recognize the importance of parents-- another story for another time.